The owner or administrator of a Wi-Fi network can see some information about what connected devices are doing, though not everything in detail. They can typically see which devices are connected, how much data each one uses, and which websites or services those devices are contacting through DNS requests and connection logs on the router. If a site does not use encryption, a network owner with the right tools could potentially see unencrypted content passing through their network. However, most modern websites use HTTPS, which encrypts the actual content of your traffic, so the specific pages you view and information you enter stay private even from the network owner. For extra privacy on networks you do not control or trust, using a VPN encrypts your traffic entirely and hides it from the local network operator.